When the United States purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, American authorities insisted that the agreement also included Texas. The boundary between New Spain and the United States was finally set at the Sabine River in 1819.[62] Eager for new land, many United States settlers refused to recognize the agreement. Several filibusters raised armies to invade Texas.[63] In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence included the Texas territory, which became part of Mexico.[64] Due to its low population, Mexico made the area part of the state of Coahuila y Tejas.[65]
Hoping that more settlers would reduce the near-constant Comanche raids, Mexican Texas liberalized its immigration policies to permit immigrants from outside Mexico and Spain.[66] Under the Mexican immigration system, large swathes of land were allotted to empresarios, who recruited settlers from the United States, Europe, and the Mexican interior. The first grant, to Moses Austin, was passed to his son Stephen F. Austin after his death.
Austin's settlers, the Old Three Hundred, made places along the Brazos River in 1822.[67] Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state, the majority of whom were from the United States.[67][68] The population of Texas grew rapidly. In 1825, Texas had a population of approximately 3,500, with most of Mexican descent.[69] By 1834, Texas had grown to approximately 37,800 people, with only 7,800 of Mexican descent.[70]
Many immigrants openly flouted Mexican law, especially the prohibition against slavery. Combined with United States' attempts to purchase Texas, Mexican authorities decided in 1830 to prohibit continued immigration from the United States.[71] New laws also called for the enforcement of customs duties angering both native Mexican citizens (Tejanos) and recent immigrants.[72]
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